Urban decarbonization is a research field, academic concept, and methodological approach focused on the systemic reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, within urban areas. It investigates the sources of these emissions across urban sectors (energy, transport, buildings, industry, waste), analyzes strategies and pathways for their mitigation, and explores the technological, social, policy, and economic transformations required to achieve low-carbon or carbon-neutral cities, highlighting its critical significance for climate change mitigation and sustainable urban development.